Building structure and tile therefor



ATT NEY,

Jan. 36, E923. jl d a g ggg,

. J, WHITALLv BUILDING STRUCTURE AND T1 LE THEREFOR.

FILED MAR. 17. I921 2 SHEETSSHEET I INVENTOR Jan; 16, 1923. 1,442,589

- J. WHITALL. fig; gmz; STRUCTURE ANDv T1 LE THEREFOR A FILED MAR- 17, 92

2 SHEETS'SHEET 2 Patented Jan. 16 1923.

JAMES WI'HTALL, OF HILLSIDE, NEW JERSEY.

BUILDING STRUCTURE AND TILE THEREFORL Application filed March 17, 1921. Serial No. 452,906.

T all whom it may concern Be it. known that 1, JAMES YVHITAL a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Hillside, county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Building Structures and Tiles Therefor, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to .a .tile for building purposes, which tile is adapted for outside or inside use and also as a roof tile, and is easily and quickly put up, and when finished provides a smooth exterior and a tight structure. It is adaptechof course, to any desired ornamentation or surface treat-- ment. i i

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section through a wall madeaccording .to my invention and employing the tiles used therein. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the backof atile with fragments of several adjoining tiles being shown to illustrate how they are assembled. Figure 3 is a perspective View of the corner of one tile with thenext upper tile vpartly shown in section. Figure 4 is a perspective view of one form of fastening means showing how the tiles are joined together. Figure 5 is a reduced perspective view illustrating the use of the tiles in the initial formation of a wall. Figure 6 is a perspective view of end blocks or abutments that can be used in forming the structure shown in Figure 5. Figure 7 is a perspective view showing how the tiles can be used in conjunction with wooden studding for interior decoration. Figure 8 is a section showing the joint between two adjacent tiles and illustrating one method of causing their side-edges to be interlocked, and Figure 9 is a perspective view, partly in section, showing the ile used as a roof tile.

.T he tiles 10 are made of a suitable mixture of cement and usually other ingredients, principally mineral aggregates, and are adapted'to be arrangedside by side and also one above the other in series, and preferably with broken joints, and when two series are opposed to each other the tiles form molds between which cement can be poured, and after the cement sets these tiles are in position to form the facing or surface of a wall, the construction of the tile and also connecting elements cooperating to cause the tiles to be embedded in the cement and thus held in place.

The tiles are usually reenforced on the edges, that is, they are thickened, the top edge 11 and the bottom edge 12 being made slightly thicker than the rest of the tile, and each being provided with a chamfered or inclined face, the face 13 at the top and the face let at the bottom being parallel or substantially so, so that when the tiles are placed one upon the other, as shown in Figure 1, these faces abut.

Suitable means for fastening the tiles are installed, and I show staples 15, which are provided with hooked ends 16 to prevent their being withdrawn from the tile, these staples being molded in position so thatthey emerge from the top; edge and incline slightly inward so as not to form an obstruction to the setting of the next highest tile, the closed part 17 of each staple projecting from the tile to form a loop. 1 i

Projecting from the top part of the bot tom edge 12 are arranged strips or strands 18 which are preferably made of metal that is easily bent, and usually in line with the loops 17, so that when one tile is put on the other, this strip 18, which is held in place and against withdrawal by the bent end 19 shown in Figure 4t, can be bent down through the loop 17 and over the top edge of the next lowest tile, as shown 111120 in Figure 1.

When the tile is to be used for building up a cement wall the tiles are set on the foundation, which is represented in Figure 5 by the plate 21, and the tiles that are connected at the top, that is, opposedtiles. have the wires 22, each wire 22 folding over a loop 17, as will also be clearly seen from Figure 1; In order to retain cement the ends of the tiles are provided with abutment blocks 28, one of which is shown in perspective in Figure 6.

hen the parts are assembled as shown in Figure thepcement 24l--is poured in. the front and rear tiles and the abutment blocks forming a mold. The next succeeding row of tiles is then put in place, the bottom face 14 resting on the upper face 13 of the next lowest tile, and the strips 18 are used to fasten the bottom part of the tile in position, either as at 20 in Figure 1, or it can be passed through a loop 17 of the next lowest tile and bent upward, as shown at 25 in Figure 1.

The filling with cement now proceeds and the tile wires 22 of the lower tiles are then embedded, and when the cement sets these tile wires iliorin permanent means for holding the tiles in position.

It will be noted too from Figure =l that the enlarged top and bottom ends, for instance, the enlarged end 11, form a key or anchor, since the cement 24. and the face of the next highest tile hold the top edge of the tile in position, while the strand 18, being embedded in the cement, holds the lower end. oi the tile in position. 7 To form a closed joint between the side edges I prefer -to f arrange the groove 26 in one end of the tile, this groove being in the front face and the tongue 27 on the rear face at the other edge of the tile, so that adjacent tiles are looked as shown in Figure 8, and where the verticalseams are to be pointed up the amount of material used for this purpose is small. I

Theseside joints are also desirable when the tiles are used, as shown in Figure 9, as roof tiles, as longitudinal channels are established along the tiles for pointing up and for preventing the entrance of water between the joints, as is shown in the left hand portion of Figure 2. In Figure 9 the roof beam 28 has the usual strips 29 onto which the tiles 10 are placed'and secured, as by means of the nails 30 driven through the loops 1? of the tiles at the top, the bottom edge of the tiles being secured to the top edge of the next lowesttile by the strips 18, as shown at thetop of Figure 2. i

In Figure 7 I show how the tiles can be used for interior work, such as in bath rooms, kitchens and the like, in which I show the studding 31 for the tiles, these tiles-being held by the nails 32 which are driven through the loops l7 into the studding, and, as before described, the strips 18 are bent over the top edge of the next lowest tile, as in the lowest joint in Figure 1 or through the loops 17ot the next lowest tile, asillust-rated at the top of Figure 2. The tiles can be quickly applied and form a smooth exterior surface which lends itself to the properfinish either before or after the tiles are put in place, the tiles being glazed, if desired, or being painted as a wa after they are in position.

It will be evident that with the side joints as shown in Figure 8 thetop and bottom reenljorced parts 11 and 12 are cut away, at 33 in Figure 2, to niake'room for the part 34 of the tile that lies beyond the groove 26; This part 34 beyond the groove 26 is inset or recessed from the front of the tile,

.so. that when the tiles are assembled their :tront faces will be in alignment. I liave shown plain fiat tiles, but it will be understood that any ornamented or embellished kind can be used.-

In making a wall with these tiles, such wall being illustrated in Figure 1,1 do away entirely with the use of any wooden molding or frame-work, which is necessary new to erect, and after the cement is poured the molding is removed. This is expensive and slow and does not form a good finish for the wall, and it must be finished it it is to have anything but a very rough appearance. \Vith my improved tile the finish is established by the mold which is made up from the tiles themselves, all that it is-necessary to do being to hold thesetiles against movement relative to each other and to prevent movement of opposed faces, one means oi preventing such movement, of course, being typified'by the-bracing wires 22.

I claim: v 1

I. A tile having chamfered top and bottom edges, a loop at the top edge, and a bendable strip embedded at the bottom of the tile, the strip having a projecting part to-be bent into engagement. withthe tile below. I l

2. A tile having parallel chamfered 'top and bottom edges, loops projecting above the top edge, and. bendable strips projecting from the inside of the tile atthe bottom, the portion of the tile beyond the groove being inset from the front face.

3. A tile having an enlarged top and bottom edge, the top edge being chamfered at the front and thebottom edge being ChillllfQIGCl at the back, the tile having a groove on the front face at one side edge, and a tongue on-the rear face at the opposite side edge. l l .1

4;. A tile having its top and bottom edges thickened,.said edges having parallel chamtered faces, staples embedded so that their loops project from the top rear edge. and

Ihave hereto set my hand, this 16th day of March, 1921. j

" JAMES IVHIIA LL. 

